toml – github.com/BurntSushi/toml Index | Examples | Files | Directories

package toml

import "github.com/BurntSushi/toml"

Package toml implements decoding and encoding of TOML files.

This package supports TOML v1.0.0, as listed on https://toml.io

There is also support for delaying decoding with the Primitive type, and querying the set of keys in a TOML document with the MetaData type.

The github.com/BurntSushi/toml/cmd/tomlv package implements a TOML validator, and can be used to verify if TOML document is valid. It can also be used to print the type of each key.

Example (StrictDecoding)

Example StrictDecoding shows how to detect whether there are keys in the TOML document that weren't decoded into the value given. This is useful for returning an error to the user if they've included extraneous fields in their configuration.

Code:play  

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
)

func main() {
	var blob = `
key1 = "value1"
key2 = "value2"
key3 = "value3"
`
	type config struct {
		Key1 string
		Key3 string
	}

	var conf config
	md, err := toml.Decode(blob, &conf)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Undecoded keys: %q\n", md.Undecoded())
}

Output:

Undecoded keys: ["key2"]
Example (UnmarshalTOML)

Example UnmarshalTOML shows how to implement a struct type that knows how to unmarshal itself. The struct must take full responsibility for mapping the values passed into the struct. The method may be used with interfaces in a struct in cases where the actual type is not known until the data is examined.

Code:play  

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
)

type order struct {
	parts parts
}

type parts []part

type part interface {
	Name() string
}

type valve struct {
	Type   string
	ID     string
	Size   float32
	Rating int
}

func (v *valve) Name() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("VALVE: %s", v.ID)
}

type pipe struct {
	Type     string
	ID       string
	Length   float32
	Diameter int
}

func (p *pipe) Name() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("PIPE: %s", p.ID)
}

type cable struct {
	Type   string
	ID     string
	Length int
	Rating float32
}

func (c *cable) Name() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("CABLE: %s", c.ID)
}

func (o *order) UnmarshalTOML(data interface{}) error {

	d, _ := data.(map[string]interface{})
	parts, _ := d["parts"].([]map[string]interface{})

	for _, p := range parts {

		typ, _ := p["type"].(string)
		id, _ := p["id"].(string)

		switch p["type"] {
		case "valve":

			size := float32(p["size"].(float64))
			rating := int(p["rating"].(int64))

			valve := &valve{
				Type:   typ,
				ID:     id,
				Size:   size,
				Rating: rating,
			}

			o.parts = append(o.parts, valve)

		case "pipe":

			length := float32(p["length"].(float64))
			diameter := int(p["diameter"].(int64))

			pipe := &pipe{
				Type:     typ,
				ID:       id,
				Length:   length,
				Diameter: diameter,
			}

			o.parts = append(o.parts, pipe)

		case "cable":

			length := int(p["length"].(int64))
			rating := float32(p["rating"].(float64))

			cable := &cable{
				Type:   typ,
				ID:     id,
				Length: length,
				Rating: rating,
			}

			o.parts = append(o.parts, cable)

		}
	}

	return nil
}

func main() {

	var blob = `
[[parts]]
type = "valve"
id = "valve-1"
size = 1.2
rating = 4

[[parts]]
type = "valve"
id = "valve-2"
size = 2.1
rating = 5

[[parts]]
type = "pipe"
id = "pipe-1"
length = 2.1
diameter = 12

[[parts]]
type = "cable"
id = "cable-1"
length = 12
rating = 3.1
`
	o := &order{}
	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(blob), o)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(len(o.parts))

	for _, part := range o.parts {
		fmt.Println(part.Name())
	}

	// Code to implement UmarshalJSON.

	// type order struct {
	// 	// NOTE `order.parts` is a private slice of type `part` which is an
	// 	// interface and may only be loaded from toml using the
	// 	// UnmarshalTOML() method of the Umarshaler interface.
	// 	parts parts
	// }

	// func (o *order) UnmarshalTOML(data interface{}) error {

	// 	// NOTE the example below contains detailed type casting to show how
	// 	// the 'data' is retrieved. In operational use, a type cast wrapper
	// 	// may be preferred e.g.
	// 	//
	// 	// func AsMap(v interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
	// 	// 		return v.(map[string]interface{})
	// 	// }
	// 	//
	// 	// resulting in:
	// 	// d, _ := AsMap(data)
	// 	//

	// 	d, _ := data.(map[string]interface{})
	// 	parts, _ := d["parts"].([]map[string]interface{})

	// 	for _, p := range parts {

	// 		typ, _ := p["type"].(string)
	// 		id, _ := p["id"].(string)

	// 		// detect the type of part and handle each case
	// 		switch p["type"] {
	// 		case "valve":

	// 			size := float32(p["size"].(float64))
	// 			rating := int(p["rating"].(int64))

	// 			valve := &valve{
	// 				Type:   typ,
	// 				ID:     id,
	// 				Size:   size,
	// 				Rating: rating,
	// 			}

	// 			o.parts = append(o.parts, valve)

	// 		case "pipe":

	// 			length := float32(p["length"].(float64))
	// 			diameter := int(p["diameter"].(int64))

	// 			pipe := &pipe{
	// 				Type:     typ,
	// 				ID:       id,
	// 				Length:   length,
	// 				Diameter: diameter,
	// 			}

	// 			o.parts = append(o.parts, pipe)

	// 		case "cable":

	// 			length := int(p["length"].(int64))
	// 			rating := float32(p["rating"].(float64))

	// 			cable := &cable{
	// 				Type:   typ,
	// 				ID:     id,
	// 				Length: length,
	// 				Rating: rating,
	// 			}

	// 			o.parts = append(o.parts, cable)

	// 		}
	// 	}

	// 	return nil
	// }

	// type parts []part

	// type part interface {
	// 	Name() string
	// }

	// type valve struct {
	// 	Type   string
	// 	ID     string
	// 	Size   float32
	// 	Rating int
	// }

	// func (v *valve) Name() string {
	// 	return fmt.Sprintf("VALVE: %s", v.ID)
	// }

	// type pipe struct {
	// 	Type     string
	// 	ID       string
	// 	Length   float32
	// 	Diameter int
	// }

	// func (p *pipe) Name() string {
	// 	return fmt.Sprintf("PIPE: %s", p.ID)
	// }

	// type cable struct {
	// 	Type   string
	// 	ID     string
	// 	Length int
	// 	Rating float32
	// }

	// func (c *cable) Name() string {
	// 	return fmt.Sprintf("CABLE: %s", c.ID)
	// }

}

Output:

4
VALVE: valve-1
VALVE: valve-2
PIPE: pipe-1
CABLE: cable-1
Example (Unmarshaler)

Example Unmarshaler shows how to decode TOML strings into your own custom data type.

Code:play  

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
)

type duration struct {
	time.Duration
}

func (d *duration) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
	var err error
	d.Duration, err = time.ParseDuration(string(text))
	return err
}

func main() {
	blob := `
[[song]]
name = "Thunder Road"
duration = "4m49s"

[[song]]
name = "Stairway to Heaven"
duration = "8m03s"
`
	type song struct {
		Name     string
		Duration duration
	}
	type songs struct {
		Song []song
	}
	var favorites songs
	if _, err := toml.Decode(blob, &favorites); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Code to implement the TextUnmarshaler interface for `duration`:
	//
	// type duration struct {
	// 	time.Duration
	// }
	//
	// func (d *duration) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
	// 	var err error
	// 	d.Duration, err = time.ParseDuration(string(text))
	// 	return err
	// }

	for _, s := range favorites.Song {
		fmt.Printf("%s (%s)\n", s.Name, s.Duration)
	}
}

Output:

Thunder Road (4m49s)
Stairway to Heaven (8m3s)

Index

Examples

Functions

func PrimitiveDecode 

func PrimitiveDecode(primValue Primitive, v interface{}) error

DEPRECATED!

Use MetaData.PrimitiveDecode instead.

func Unmarshal 

func Unmarshal(p []byte, v interface{}) error

Unmarshal decodes the contents of `p` in TOML format into a pointer `v`.

Types

type Decoder 

type Decoder struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Decoder decodes TOML data.

TOML tables correspond to Go structs or maps (dealer's choice – they can be used interchangeably).

TOML table arrays correspond to either a slice of structs or a slice of maps.

TOML datetimes correspond to Go time.Time values. Local datetimes are parsed in the local timezone.

All other TOML types (float, string, int, bool and array) correspond to the obvious Go types.

An exception to the above rules is if a type implements the TextUnmarshaler interface, in which case any primitive TOML value (floats, strings, integers, booleans, datetimes) will be converted to a []byte and given to the value's UnmarshalText method. See the Unmarshaler example for a demonstration with time duration strings.

Key mapping

TOML keys can map to either keys in a Go map or field names in a Go struct. The special `toml` struct tag can be used to map TOML keys to struct fields that don't match the key name exactly (see the example). A case insensitive match to struct names will be tried if an exact match can't be found.

The mapping between TOML values and Go values is loose. That is, there may exist TOML values that cannot be placed into your representation, and there may be parts of your representation that do not correspond to TOML values. This loose mapping can be made stricter by using the IsDefined and/or Undecoded methods on the MetaData returned.

This decoder does not handle cyclic types. Decode will not terminate if a cyclic type is passed.

func NewDecoder 

func NewDecoder(r io.Reader) *Decoder

NewDecoder creates a new Decoder.

func (*Decoder) Decode 

func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) (MetaData, error)

Decode TOML data in to the pointer `v`.

type Encoder 

type Encoder struct {
	// The string to use for a single indentation level. The default is two
	// spaces.
	Indent string
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Encoder encodes a Go to a TOML document.

The mapping between Go values and TOML values should be precisely the same as for the Decode* functions. Similarly, the TextMarshaler interface is supported by encoding the resulting bytes as strings. If you want to write arbitrary binary data then you will need to use something like base64 since TOML does not have any binary types.

When encoding TOML hashes (Go maps or structs), keys without any sub-hashes are encoded first.

Go maps will be sorted alphabetically by key for deterministic output.

Encoding Go values without a corresponding TOML representation will return an error. Examples of this includes maps with non-string keys, slices with nil elements, embedded non-struct types, and nested slices containing maps or structs. (e.g. [][]map[string]string is not allowed but []map[string]string is okay, as is []map[string][]string).

NOTE: Only exported keys are encoded due to the use of reflection. Unexported keys are silently discarded.

func NewEncoder 

func NewEncoder(w io.Writer) *Encoder

NewEncoder create a new Encoder.

func (*Encoder) Encode 

func (enc *Encoder) Encode(v interface{}) error

Encode writes a TOML representation of the Go value to the Encoder's writer.

An error is returned if the value given cannot be encoded to a valid TOML document.

Example

Code:play  

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
)

func main() {
	date, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC822, "14 Mar 10 18:00 UTC")
	var config = map[string]interface{}{
		"date":   date,
		"counts": []int{1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8},
		"hash": map[string]string{
			"key1": "val1",
			"key2": "val2",
		},
	}
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	if err := toml.NewEncoder(buf).Encode(config); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Println(buf.String())

}

Output:

counts = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
date = 2010-03-14T18:00:00Z

[hash]
  key1 = "val1"
  key2 = "val2"

type Key 

type Key []string

Key represents any TOML key, including key groups. Use (MetaData).Keys to get values of this type.

func (Key) String 

func (k Key) String() string

type MetaData 

type MetaData struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

MetaData allows access to meta information about TOML data that may not be inferable via reflection. In particular, whether a key has been defined and the TOML type of a key.

func Decode 

func Decode(data string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error)

Decode the TOML data in to the pointer v.

See the documentation on Decoder for a description of the decoding process.

Example

Code:play  

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
)

func main() {
	var tomlBlob = `
# Some comments.
[alpha]
ip = "10.0.0.1"

	[alpha.config]
	Ports = [ 8001, 8002 ]
	Location = "Toronto"
	Created = 1987-07-05T05:45:00Z

[beta]
ip = "10.0.0.2"

	[beta.config]
	Ports = [ 9001, 9002 ]
	Location = "New Jersey"
	Created = 1887-01-05T05:55:00Z
`

	type serverConfig struct {
		Ports    []int
		Location string
		Created  time.Time
	}

	type server struct {
		IP     string       `toml:"ip,omitempty"`
		Config serverConfig `toml:"config"`
	}

	type servers map[string]server

	var config servers
	if _, err := toml.Decode(tomlBlob, &config); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	for _, name := range []string{"alpha", "beta"} {
		s := config[name]
		fmt.Printf("Server: %s (ip: %s) in %s created on %s\n",
			name, s.IP, s.Config.Location,
			s.Config.Created.Format("2006-01-02"))
		fmt.Printf("Ports: %v\n", s.Config.Ports)
	}

}

Output:

Server: alpha (ip: 10.0.0.1) in Toronto created on 1987-07-05
Ports: [8001 8002]
Server: beta (ip: 10.0.0.2) in New Jersey created on 1887-01-05
Ports: [9001 9002]

func DecodeFS 

func DecodeFS(fsys fs.FS, path string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error)

DecodeFS is just like Decode, except it will automatically read the contents of the file at `path` from a fs.FS instance.

func DecodeFile 

func DecodeFile(path string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error)

DecodeFile is just like Decode, except it will automatically read the contents of the file at path and decode it for you.

func DecodeReader 

func DecodeReader(r io.Reader, v interface{}) (MetaData, error)

DEPRECATED!

Use NewDecoder(reader).Decode(&v) instead.

func (*MetaData) IsDefined 

func (md *MetaData) IsDefined(key ...string) bool

IsDefined reports if the key exists in the TOML data.

The key should be specified hierarchically, for example to access the TOML key "a.b.c" you would use: 

IsDefined("a", "b", "c")

IsDefined will return false if an empty key given. Keys are case sensitive.

func (*MetaData) Keys 

func (md *MetaData) Keys() []Key

Keys returns a slice of every key in the TOML data, including key groups.

Each key is itself a slice, where the first element is the top of the hierarchy and the last is the most specific. The list will have the same order as the keys appeared in the TOML data.

All keys returned are non-empty.

func (*MetaData) PrimitiveDecode 

func (md *MetaData) PrimitiveDecode(primValue Primitive, v interface{}) error

PrimitiveDecode is just like the other `Decode*` functions, except it decodes a TOML value that has already been parsed. Valid primitive values can *only* be obtained from values filled by the decoder functions, including this method. (i.e., `v` may contain more `Primitive` values.)

Meta data for primitive values is included in the meta data returned by the `Decode*` functions with one exception: keys returned by the Undecoded method will only reflect keys that were decoded. Namely, any keys hidden behind a Primitive will be considered undecoded. Executing this method will update the undecoded keys in the meta data. (See the example.)

Example

Code:play  

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
)

func main() {
	var md toml.MetaData
	var err error

	var tomlBlob = `
ranking = ["Springsteen", "J Geils"]

[bands.Springsteen]
started = 1973
albums = ["Greetings", "WIESS", "Born to Run", "Darkness"]

[bands."J Geils"]
started = 1970
albums = ["The J. Geils Band", "Full House", "Blow Your Face Out"]
`

	type band struct {
		Started int
		Albums  []string
	}
	type classics struct {
		Ranking []string
		Bands   map[string]toml.Primitive
	}

	// Do the initial decode. Reflection is delayed on Primitive values.
	var music classics
	if md, err = toml.Decode(tomlBlob, &music); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// MetaData still includes information on Primitive values.
	fmt.Printf("Is `bands.Springsteen` defined? %v\n",
		md.IsDefined("bands", "Springsteen"))

	// Decode primitive data into Go values.
	for _, artist := range music.Ranking {
		// A band is a primitive value, so we need to decode it to get a
		// real `band` value.
		primValue := music.Bands[artist]

		var aBand band
		if err = md.PrimitiveDecode(primValue, &aBand); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		fmt.Printf("%s started in %d.\n", artist, aBand.Started)
	}
	// Check to see if there were any fields left undecoded.
	// Note that this won't be empty before decoding the Primitive value!
	fmt.Printf("Undecoded: %q\n", md.Undecoded())

}

Output:

Is `bands.Springsteen` defined? true
Springsteen started in 1973.
J Geils started in 1970.
Undecoded: []

func (*MetaData) Type 

func (md *MetaData) Type(key ...string) string

Type returns a string representation of the type of the key specified.

Type will return the empty string if given an empty key or a key that does not exist. Keys are case sensitive.

func (*MetaData) Undecoded 

func (md *MetaData) Undecoded() []Key

Undecoded returns all keys that have not been decoded in the order in which they appear in the original TOML document.

This includes keys that haven't been decoded because of a Primitive value. Once the Primitive value is decoded, the keys will be considered decoded.

Also note that decoding into an empty interface will result in no decoding, and so no keys will be considered decoded.

In this sense, the Undecoded keys correspond to keys in the TOML document that do not have a concrete type in your representation.

type ParseError 

type ParseError struct {
	Message string
	Line    int
	LastKey string
}

ParseError is used when a file can't be parsed: for example invalid integer literals, duplicate keys, etc.

func (ParseError) Error 

func (pe ParseError) Error() string

type Primitive 

type Primitive struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Primitive is a TOML value that hasn't been decoded into a Go value.

This type can be used for any value, which will cause decoding to be delayed. You can use the PrimitiveDecode() function to "manually" decode these values.

NOTE: The underlying representation of a `Primitive` value is subject to change. Do not rely on it.

NOTE: Primitive values are still parsed, so using them will only avoid the overhead of reflection. They can be useful when you don't know the exact type of TOML data until runtime.

type TextMarshaler 

type TextMarshaler encoding.TextMarshaler

DEPRECATED!

Use the identical encoding.TextMarshaler instead. It is defined here to support Go 1.1 and older.

type TextUnmarshaler 

type TextUnmarshaler encoding.TextUnmarshaler

DEPRECATED!

Use the identical encoding.TextUnmarshaler instead. It is defined here to support Go 1.1 and older.

type Unmarshaler 

type Unmarshaler interface {
	UnmarshalTOML(interface{}) error
}

Unmarshaler is the interface implemented by objects that can unmarshal a TOML description of themselves.

Source Files

decode.go decode_go116.go decode_meta.go deprecated.go doc.go encode.go lex.go parse.go type_check.go type_fields.go

Directories

PathSynopsis
cmd
cmd/toml-test-decoderCommand toml-test-decoder satisfies the toml-test interface for testing TOML decoders.
cmd/toml-test-encoderCommand toml-test-encoder satisfies the toml-test interface for testing TOML encoders.
cmd/tomlvCommand tomlv validates TOML documents and prints each key's type.
_examples
internal
Version
v0.4.0
Published
Aug 2, 2021
Platform
linux/amd64
Imports
19 packages
Last checked
5 hours ago –

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